History Blooms at Monticello - "Papaver Rhoeas flor. plen. double poppy"

Peggy Cornett at Thomas Jefferson's Monticello tells us that

Corn poppies abound in the Monticello flower gardens, where they have reseeded for decades. Jefferson observed the "lesser" or "dwarf" poppy at Shadwell in 1767, and planted "Papaver Rhoeas flor. plen. double poppy" in a Monticello oval flower bed in 1807.

Plant Lists - Tho Jefferson's (1743-1824) Vegetables

Thomas Jefferson by Tadeusz Andrzej Bonawentura Kosciuszko (1746 - 1817)

Thomas Jefferson’s Plant List From His Garden Book, 1767-1821 Dates refer to first mention of a plant in Jefferson’s documents, which include Thomas Jefferson’s Garden Book, edited by Edwin Betts, 1944, unpublished memoranda at the Massachusetts Historical Society, the Library of Congress and Princeton University Library. Quotation marks designate varieties undescribed in the literature and are generally Jefferson’s personal names.
List compiled by Peter Hatch.

Vegetables

Artichoke, Globe 1794

 Cynara Scolymus 1808

 Green 1808

Red

Artichoke, Jerusalem 1794

Helianthus tuberosa

("Topinambours") 1767

Asparagus 1807

"Cooper's Pale Green" 1804

"East India"

Bean (6 species)

Asparagus Bean

Vigna unguiculata 1809

ssp. sesquipedalis

Broad Bean 1774

Vicia faba 1794

Early Mazagan ("Mazareen") 1794

Horse 1774

Windsor

Caracalla 1792

Vigna caracalla

Garbanzo ("garavance") 1814

Cicer arientium

Green 1774

Phaseolus vulgaris

"Snaps"

"Alexander" 1820

Arikara ("Ricara") 1807

 "Bess" 1813

"Blue speckled snap" 1794

 "dwarf" 1809

"dwarf beans of Holland 1786

 "forward" 1809

 "golden dwarf 1794

 "grey snaps" 1809

 "ground snap" 1794

 "Italian" 1820

 "red snaps" 1809

"Red speckled snap" 1794

Refugee ("Switzerland gray") 1786

 "Roman" 1820

 "Tuscan" 1820

 "White snap" 1794

"yellow snaps" 1809

"Haricots"

 "Alleghany" 1794

 "early Sesbon" 1794

French Kidney ("French dry haricot") 1814

Friholio ("the red bean called Friholio") 1813

 "haricots roussatres" 1810

 "hominy" 1812

 "long haricot" 1812

 "Julian" 1786

 "white haricot" 1819

Wild Goose ("red blossomed kidney bean") 1819

Lima Bean

Phaseolus lunatus 1777

 Carolina White 1794

 "large lima" 1815

Sugar or Bushel 1794

Scarlet Runner ("Arbor")

Phaseolus coccineus 1791

Beet

Beta vulgaris 1774

“Red" 1774

"Scarlet" 1809

"white" 1774

Black Salsify

Scorzonera hispanica 1812

Broccoli

Brassica oleracea 1767

Black 1824

Cauliflower, White 1809

"December" 1824

"Florence" 1824

"March" 1824

"October" 1824

"Palermo" 1824

Purple, Early Purple 1809

Roman (syn/ w/ "Purple"?) 1809

Brussels Sprouts

Brassica oleracea 1812

Cabbage

Brassica oleracea 1771

"Aberdeen" 1812

Battersea 1816

"Cattle" 1812

Dwarf Early 1813

“early" 1807

"Giant" 1809

"Large White" 1824

“May" 1812

"Neapolitan" 1777

"purple cabbage from Rome" 1777

Red 1774

Savoy 1811

"Curled Cabbage of Paisinetta" 1824

 "Curled Savoy" 1811

 "Curled Schiane" 1824

 Green-curled 1814

"Savoy Green" 1812

 Yellow Savoy 1812

Scotch 1794

"Spanish" ("Cavol Capuccio Spagnola di Pisa") 1774

Sugarloaf 1809

Turnip 1801

York, Early York 1809

Carrot

Daucus carota 1774

“early" 1812

“large” 1812

"orange" 1809

"yellow" 1811

Cauliflower

Brassica oleracea 1767

Early 1809

Celery

Apium graveolens var. dulce 1767

Red 1809

Solid 1774

Chives

Allium schoenoprasum 1812

Corn Salad

Valerianella locusta 1794

Cress

Lepidum sativum,

Barbarea sp. 1774

"English" 1794

"Italian" 1774

Upland ("mountain") Barbarea verna 1794

Cucumber

Cucumis sativus 1767

“early" 1794

"early green" 1812

"early white" 1812

"forward" 1794

Early Frame ("frame") 1818

Gherkin Cucumis anguria 1812

Long Green 1811

Serpentine ("mammoth") Trichosanthes anguina 1825

Eggplant ("Melonzoni") 

Solanum melongena 1809

Prickly 1812

Purple 1812

White 1812

Endive

Cichorium Endivia 1777

Broad-leaved, "broad" 1794

Green Curled 1809

"smooth" 1809

“winter" 1794

French Sorrel

Rumex acetosa 1774

Garlic

Allium sativum 1774

Gourd

Lagenaria sp. ? 1806

Hop

Humulus lupulus 1794

Horseradish 1794

Armoracia rusticana

Kale

Brassica oleracea 1809

"Buda" 1809

"Delaware" 1809

"Malta" 1809

"Russian" 1812

"Scotch" 1809

"sprout” 1812

Leek

Allium porrum 1794

"common" 1812

"flag" 1812

Lettuce

Lactuca sativa 1767

Brown Dutch ("Dutch brown") 1809

"cabbage" 1794

"Ice" 1809

"Loaf,” "White loaf” 1809

"long leaved" 1794

Marseilles 1809

Roman 1804

Silesia 1819

Tennis Ball 1809

"white" 1812

Melon

Cucumis melo 1774

Cantaloupe 1774

"Cette" 1812

"Egyptian" 1812

"Zatte di Massa" 1774

"Chinese" 1809

Citron, Citrullus lanatus 1794

“green" 1794

"Miami" 1811

"Pepone Arancini. di Pistoia" 1774

Persian 1812

Pineapple 1794

"Venice" 1794

"Winter" 1805

Mustard

Brassica sp. 1777

"Durham" 1812

Red, Brassica nigra 1774

White, Brassica hirta 1794

Nasturtium

Tropaeolum majus 1774

Okra

Hibiscus esculentus 1809

Onion

Allium cepa 1774

Madeira 1778

Tree, Allium cepa var. viviparum ("hanging") 1809

White Spanish 1774

Orach

Atriplex hortensis 1813

Parsley

Petroselinum crispum 1774

Common, plain-leaved 1809

Curled ("double") 1774

Parsnip

Pastinaca sativa 1774

Pea, Garden

Pisum sativum 1767

"cluster or bunch" 1774

Charlton (Hotspur) 1768

 "dwarf peas of Holland. for frames" 1786

"earliest of all" 1767

Early Pearl (Nonesuch) 1778

“early" 1794

"early dwarf" 1794

"forward" 1774

"forward peas of Marly" 1786

"forwardest" 1767

Frame, Early Frame 1809

Hotspur 1809

Leadman's Dwarf (Early Dwarf Sugar?) 1809

"middling" 1767

"latest of all," "latter," "latest" 1767

“Leitch’s pea” 1820

"Leitch' s frame" 1820

"Leitch's latter” 1821

Marrowfat 1773

“May" 1820

Prussian Blue ("blue Prussian") 1809

Spanish Morotto 1768

Pea, Field ("cow," "Crowder") 

Pisum sativum var. arvense

"African early" 1809

"Albany" 1808

Black-eye 1774

“early" 1809

“French" 1794

"Black Indian" 1794

Crowder, "gray" 1809

"pearl-eye" 1794

"Ravenscroft" 1807

"Ravensworth" 1808

White-eyed 1794

Peanut ("Peendars")

Arachis hypogaea 1794

Pepper, Bell

Capsicum annuum 1774

Bullnose 1812

“Major" 1812

Pepper, Cayenne

Capsicum annuum 1767

Texas Bird, Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum ("Capsicum

Techas,” "minutissimum") 1814

Pepper Grass

Lepidum sativum 1774

Pumpkin

Cucurbita pepo var. pepo and C. maxima 1774

"black" 1774

"long pumpkin from Malta" 1809

Potato, C. moschata 1794

"solid pumpkin from S. America" 1809

"white" 1774

Radicchio

Cichorium intybus 1774

Radish

Raphanus sativus 1809

"black" 1812

"leather coal" 1824

Oil 1809

"Rose" 1786

"Salmon" 1774

Scarlet, Early Scarlet 1809

"summer" 1809

"violet N.Y." 1817

"White radish. round & forward" 1786

Rape

Brassica napus 1774

"green" 1794

Rhubarb ("esculent rhubarb")

Rheum rhabarbarum or Rheum sp. 1809

Rutabaga

Brassica napus 1795

Salsify

Tragopogon porrifolius 1774

"Columbian" 1812

"Missouri" 1807

Sea Kale

Crambe maritima 1809

Sesame

Sesamum orientale 1808

Shallot

Allium cepa 1774

Spinach

Spinacia oleracea 1771

Prickly-seeded ("winter,” "prickly") 1809

Smooth-seeded, ("Summer,” "Round-leaved") 1809

Squash

Cucurbita pepo vars. pepo and melopepo 1794

Cymbling 1795

“soft" 1809

"warted" 1813

"Cape du Verd" 1812

"Cape of Good Hope" 1812

"long crooked & warted" 1807

Summer 1812

 "Warted" 1809

"Winter" 1815

Winter Crooked Neck 1812

Sweet Potato

Ipomoea batatas 1786

Tomato

Lycopersicon lycopersicon 1809

"dwarf" 1817

"Spanish tomato 1811

Turnip

Brassica rapa 1774

Early Dutch 1812

"English" 1794

"forward" ("Raves hatives") 1786

"Frazer's new" 1808

Hanover 1794

Long French 1809

“rose” ("Raves conteur de rose”) 1786

"Summer" 1811

Watermelon

Citrullus lanatus 1774

"Cocomere di Pistoia" 1774

"Cocomere di seme

Neapolitane" 1774

"Mexican" 1820

"Roman" 1809

“Savannah” 1812

Research & images & much more are directly available from the Monticello.org website. 

History Blooms at Monticello

Peggy Cornett at Thomas Jefferson's Monticello tells us that

English Peas are thriving in this year’s cool, moist Central Virginia spring. We will soon harvest from several historic varieties in the Monticello vegetable garden. Meanwhile the Prickly-seeded spinach, a rare variety Jefferson noted planting in 1809 and 1812, is forming valuable seed heads.

History Blooms at Monticello

Peggy Cornett at Thomas Jefferson's Monticello tells us that

Sweet William, Dianthus barbatus, was one of Jefferson's favorite ornamental flowers. He observed "sweet William began to open" at Shadwell on April 16, 1767, reported flowers in May and June of 1782, and also planted this biennial in an oval flower bed at Monticello in 1807.

A similar variety with the red auricula-eye was called Painted Lady Sweet William and was illustrated in William Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 1792

Plants in Early American Gardens - Wild Petunia

Wild Petunia (Ruellia humilis)

This wide-ranging wildflower is found from southern Pennsylvania west to Nebraska and south to Florida and Texas. It was identified and named by the early 19th century plant explorer Thomas Nuttall, who traveled and collected plants across the continent and who was commissioned by Philadelphia botanist Benjamin Smith Barton to re-collect many of the Lewis and Clark species. Several South American species were commercially available in the mid-19th century and this long-blooming North American species is likewise considered a desirable plant for borders, rock gardens, native gardens, butterfly gardens, and prairies.

For more information & the possible availability
Contact The Tho Jefferson Center for Historic Plants or The Shop at Monticello 

Plant Lists - 1790s by Clockmaker Wm Faris of Annapolis MD

1789 Charles Willson Peale's (1741-1827) 1789 Depiction of the Statehouse in Annapolis, Maryland

Plants grown (and sometimes sold) by Silversmith & Clockmaker William Faris near the Statehouse in Annapolis, MD in the 1790s.
Southern Garden History Plant Lists

Flowers
Anemonie Anemone coronaria
Asters (China Asters-Callistephus chinensis)
Balsam Apple Momordica balsamina
Bleeding Heart Dicentra eximia
Callamus Acorus calamus
Carnation Dianthus caryophyllus
Chrysanthemum Dendranthema indicum
Columbine Aquilegia vulgaris
Coxcomb Celosia argentea var. cristata
Crocus Crocus
Crusula
Daffodil Narcissus
Emmy (Emoney) Anemone coronaria
Flowering Pea
Fleur-de-Lis Iris
Geranium Pelargonium
Globe Amaranthus Gomphrena globosa
Hollyhocks Alcea rosea
Hyacynth Hyacinthus orientalis
Iceplant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum
Impatiens Impatiens balsamina
India Pink Dianthus chinensis
Iris
Jacobson Lily Sprekelia formosissima (Jacobin Lilley)
Jasmine
Jerusalem Cherry Solanum pseudocapsicum
Job's Tears Croix lacryma-jobi
Jonquil Narcissus
Lady in Green
Lily
Lily of the Valley
Marigold
Mignonette Reseda odorata
Narcissus
Nasturtium Tropaeolum majus
Parson’s Pride
Passion Flower
Polyanthus Primula
Poppies
Primrose
Reason
Rose
Satin Flower Lunaria annua
Sensitive Plant Mimosa pudica
Snapdragon Antirrhinum majus
Commandments
Tube Rose Polianthes tuberosa
Tulips Tulipa gesneriana
Wallflower Erysimum cheiri
Crown Imperial Fritillaria imperialis
Tree (persian) tobacco Nicotiana glauca ?
Indian nutmeg Nigella saliva ?
Amaranthus tricolo Amaranthus tricolor
Lyly of St. Jaego
Sweet Scented Pea Lathyrus odoratus

Shrubs, trees, vines, grasses

Althea Hibiscus syriacus
Boxwood Buxus sempervirens 'Suffruticosa'
Holly Tree Ilex opaca
Horse Chestnut Aesculus
Ivy Hedera helix
Pride of China Tree Melia azederach
Ribbon Grass Phalaris arundinacea 'Picta'
Snowball Viburnum opulus 'Flore Pleno'
Strawberry Tree Arbutus unedo
Sweet Scented Shrub Calycanthus
Tallow Tree Sapium sebiferum
Willow Tree (Golding) Salix alba var. Vitellina
Wallnutt Tree Juglans (regia)
Willow Tree Salix (babylonica)
Laylack bushes Syringa
Unknown:  Formoso

Vegetables

Roshembola onions
(onions of Eagipt)
Allium scorodoprasum
Ocoro Abelmoschus esculentus
Shallots Allium ascalonicum
Onions Allium cepa
Savory Allium cepa
Leeks Allium porrum
Garlic Allium sativum
Horsradish Armoracia rusticana
Asparagus Asparagus officinalis
English Lambs Quarter (Orach) Atriplex hortensis
Beets Beta vulgaris
Broccoli Brassica oleracea
Brussel Sprout Brassica oleracea
Cabbage Brassica oleracea
Cauliflower Brassica oleracea
Colewart or Kale Brassica rapa
Turnip Brassica rapa
Pepper Capsicum annuum
Watermelon Citrullus lanatus
Cantaloupe Cucumis melo ssp. melo
Mush Mellons Cucumis melo ssp. melo
Cucumbers Cucumis sativus
Pumpkin Curcurbita pepo
Squash (Simlings) Curcurbita pepo Simlins
Carrots Daucus carota ssp. sativus
Leetuce Lactuca sativa
Parsnip Pastinaca sativa
Beans Phaseolus
Peas Pisum sativum
Radish Raphanus sativus
Egg Plant Solanum melongena
Spinach Spinacia oleracea
Nasturtium Tropaeolum majus
Orris or French spinge or orris lettuce Valerianella locusta
Bunch beans Vicia faba
Corn Zea mays
Unknowns:
 Rocambole
 Algerian peas ?
 Fossmiano corn
 Greens

Herbs

Bergamot Balm Monarda didyma or Monarda fistulosa
Catnip Nepeta cataria
Ginger
Horseradish Armoracia rusticana
Mint Mentha
Nutmeg (Indian) Nigella sativa
Parsley Petroselinum crispum
Pickling Lime
Cherry Pepper
Poppy Papaver
Rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis
Saffron Crocus sativus
Sage Salvia officinalis
Thyme Thymus
Horseradish Armoracia rusticana
Common Balm Melissa officinalis

Fruits and nuts

Apple Malus sylvestris var. domestica
Cherry Prunus cerasus var. austere
Gooseberry Ribes uva-crispa
Mulberry Morus alba
Pear Prunus communis var. sativa
Walnut Juglans regia
Almond Prunus
Currant Ribes silvestre 'Macrocarpum’
Grapevines Vitis
Peach Prunus persica
Plum Walnut
Egg plum or magnum bonum plum Prunus x domestica
Black currant Ribes nigrum

Plants in Early American Gardens - Peruvian Zinnia

 Peruvian Zinnia (Zinnia peruviana)
Although zinnias did not become popular garden plants until late in the 19th century, Peruvian Zinnias were grown in 18th-century gardens and were sold by Philadelphia nurseryman Bernard McMahon in 1804. This South American annual produces flowers in shades of red and yellow throughout the summer. The small but attractive flowers are perfect for cutting and are very different from the improved hybrids now so popular.

For more information & the possible availability
Contact The Tho Jefferson Center for Historic Plants or The Shop at Monticello 

Peruvian Zinnia (Zinnia peruviana)